THE ELUSIVE GOD: DIVINE HIDDENNESS BY GERALD NWOGUEZE, OFM CAP

INTRODUCTION 

If there is God who is all powerful, infinite in all perfection, kind and compassionate, loving, gracious and merciful, where is he when good people suffer? Where is he when innocent children in the hospital go through terrible condition, why pray if God is hidden or would not rescue those raped and maimed in war? Why is God selective to whom to help and appear to? This question is as old as man and is still relevant today. Great philosophers and theologians have attempted a solution to the problem of evil. For Aquinas, evil exists as per accidence and not per se, because it is a privation of good. Also, according to Richard Swinburn theory of evil, evil can be justified by showing that all known cases of evil eventually serve greater purposes, even though those purposes are not always immediately apparent. Also, that evil exist, does not negate or rule out the existence of God. If God should be responsible for the evil in the world, he says that certain conditions must be met.  First, that it must be logically impossible for God to achieve a particular good without allowing the corresponding evil; second, God must indeed brig about the intended good; third, God must have moral right to allow the evil to occur and fourth the expected benefit of allowing the evil must outweigh the harm it causes. Thus, the benefit derived from suffering and adversity, including the opportunity for moral growth and formation of virtuous character, justifies God’s allowance of evil in the world.

It is the aim of this reflection to look into the concept of divine hiddenness and the Easter reality. It would begin by looking at misguided conception about God, the elusive God argument and way forward connecting the dots as it affects our Christian lives today.

THE TALKS ABOUT GOD

God is many things to many people and it is because of this that some bear misguided expectations about God. To Aristotle, as set out in his physics (VII) and Metaphysics (XII), God is the source of change and final cause of all motion, the pure act and the unmoved mover. Aristotle’s God is outside the universe and unaffected by it. Thus, from this comes the idea of the divine hiddenness argument. Consequently, Aristotle’s God was criticized of being cold and inhumane, being emotionally disconnected with the universe and thus, quite different from the Christian belief about God. However, it is from his doctrine that the logical conclusion on God’s perfection is based.   The notion of God as an All-powerful being in reality who is worthy of worship, utmost devotion is the notion borne even by atheist, regardless of where this exalted notion of the monotheism may fall under. However, Paul Moser proposes that the candidate who merit being ‘God,’ worthy of trust, devotion and worship, must be on moral grounds. This excludes candidates who are powerful, big-bullies, fostering evil and ready to destroy in order to get their way. God is not going to be mistaken expectation. The right expectation according to him is in the same regard of moral standing, it involves to give morally impeccable life, worth living and without coercion. This is because coercion goes against God’s purpose of establishing humans who are agents and candidates of genuine filial relationship, he offers deliverance from what obstructs moral life. If God is able to do this deliverance, there is every need for us to volitionally cooperate the rescuing power he offers. Furthermore, he notes that perhaps the enquirers about God limit their scope to world-bound, far from the morally perfect character, to success and riches. Hence, they seek for evidence in their own terms, instead of the terms of that whom they seek. 

 THE ELUSIVE GOD 

John Schellenberg argues that the hiddenness or inconclusive evidence for God is the evidence that God does not exist. Nietzsche  argues that God keeps his intentions hidden and even when he reveals himself, he remains mysterious. Also, the problem from evil suggests hiddenness as there are certain things one wouldn’t expect from the benevolent God because those things are bad. More so, both Pascal and Kierkegaard seek to infer that God’s hiddenness confirms the skeptic’s rejection of human reason as a proper source of knowledge of God. We shall look at two senses in the doctrine of hiddenness; the positive and negative. In the positive sense, it rests on God to choose who to disclose himself to, where and when he chooses, he might as well disclose himself in nature. However, whichever way or medium he chooses, he still remains transcendent and mysterious. In the negative sense, God might also choose to conceal himself, even though he is loving and compassionate, in the face of evil, pride and corruption. From these we shall get the take of Pascal and Kierkegaard. To pascal, the signs of God are there but man due to corruption are unable to grasp it, and to Kierkegaard, there is no sign of God and that the even in the eyes of faith, God’s revelation makes no sense   

Nonetheless, the elusiveness of God according to Paul Moser goes that God will not be made known to mere spectators and inquirers, but instead, it challenges the will of humans to cooperate fully and freely with God’s perfect will, which results in God seeking what is morally right and best for human and human being personified evidence for God, having been transformed. By implication, he tries to stress the significance of God’s elusiveness in ‘personifying or volitional evidence for God’. Furthermore, this contends with the problem of hiddenness, God being elusive, He reveals himself to whomever He wills. Moreover, this makes a shift from the question, ‘do I know that God exist,’ to ‘am I willing to be known by God and submit his will and be transformed?’ The first implication is the defense that skeptics overlooked the evidence that suits the purpose of God. Second is the fact that it makes philosophy shift from discussion mood to obedience mood, it also gives theism a fear hearing in disclosing human predicament of selfishness and death. Third is that it discloses the elusiveness of God different from hiddenness as put forward by atheists, finally, the epistemological shift to the benefit of overcoming selfishness and death, because of the transformation formed by submitting on God’s terms. 

CONNECTING THE DOTS 

Easter is a season of hope, of joy and of peace. Before now, it seemed God was weak to have died on the cross, that He was foolish or stupid to not have defended himself or taken revenge. His love in the eyes of men seemed senseless and naive but Easter proved all these wrong. God is not dead, nor weak, He is alive and death has no power over anymore over him nor over us by extension. It all makes sense now. Suffering is a mystery that would eventually make sense to us. God was with his son all along, letting him to take the lead, comng in at designated time that suits his will, to relieve him of pain in the hands of Simon of Cyrene, Veronica, Mother Mary, etc. There was no ojoro in this. Teachers set tests after lecturers, to satisfy and justify the requirements for their certificate of graduation. Everything is tested by its kind, gold by fire, man by suffering and what matters is not the suffering and crosses but our response to them whatever be our lot. God had to allow his son to go through some shit to correct the shit of Adam, through obedience learnt through suffering. Nothing escapes God’s knowledge and consent. By his permissive will, he painfully allows us to experience that dark side, that shit of whatever sought. His justice is that every debt be paid in full and his mercy is that he intervened in a time in history once and for all, so that we are not pushed to suffer beyond our capacities.  So if he let you suffer, his grace is sufficient; both the operative grace and cooperative grace. 

CONCLUSION 

Why looking for Jesus, he is alive and have always affirmed this in his appearances after his resurrection. He appeared to Mary Magdalene, to Simon and the apostles and each time he did, he announces: peace be with you (John 20:21), I am with you always even unto the end of the world (Mat 28:20). Do not be afraid [I am aware of that situation] (Matt 28:10) I did not come to  remove your sufferings, or provide bread that will last just for the moment. I have come to fill your suffering with my presence, to give you life to the fullest. So to the question is God still with us, may I dare to rephrase, are you still with God even in the face of tribulation or is your God the God only of good times, of rain and not of sun, of joy and not of pain? Are you with him only when he answered that prayer, when you got admission, passed exam, won that scholarship, got engaged, got married, etc. Perhaps you are among those who think that God should do what you want the way you want and nothing else, no space for his will to be done? Are you the type that believe you deserve everything good as reward for serving God, no mosquito bite, no malarial, no accident, no loss, no car failure, no phone spoilage, no headache? But that not God’s way, his way are  not as mens. Whatever good you receive it is not because you deserve it a reward, your prayers and praises adds nothing to his greatness. He let rain fall on both good and bad, so also sunshine. Even the people of Isreal his elect did not always enjoy his providential presence and protection. He also created the gentiles and willed that after the mission of his son they too would be his elect and to the ends of the earth. 

Perhaps also, you would be thinking that I sound like this because life have not hit me hard as it did you, and maybe that when it does, this sermon would make a lot of meaning differently to me. Yes, you may be right. It is very easy to counsel others of God’s presence and care when its the other story but think of it, I may be God’s presence that you don’t see and He may also let me see with time and through others the answers that I seek.

REFERENCES

https://sites.uni/boedeker/reference.pdf

John Bishop, a review of Paul Moser, “The Elusive God: Reorienting Religious Epistemology”, Cambridge University Press.  Vol. 45, No. 4 (Dec. 2009): pp. 504-509.

Moser K. P. ”Gethsemane Epistemology: Volitional and Evidential.” Phiolosophia Christi. Vol. 14, No. 2 ( January, 2012.) 264-266 

Penelhum, T. 1983. God and Skepticism: A Study in Skepticism and Fideism. Boston: D. Reidel Publishing Company. 106-109

Sfekas, S. “Aristotle’s Concept of God.”  New York Open Centre and Lapi’s Magazine Online. (September, 2008) https://researchgate.net/publication/281283580 Accessed 20th of April, 2024. 

Shellenberg, J.L, 2012. The Hiddenness Argument: Philosophy’s New Challenge to Belief in God. United Kingdom: Oxford Unversity Press. 25

Swinburne, R. 1994. Arguments for the Existence of God, in Miltown Studies, Vol. 33, p. 63

FORGIVENESS AND REDEMPTION by John Berchmans

 

Forgiveness and redemption are profound concepts that resonate deeply within the human experience. They speak to the capacity for healing, growth, and the restoration of relationships, both with others and with oneself. In exploring these themes, one delves into the complexities of human nature, the power of compassion, and the transformative potential of second chances.

Forgiveness, at its core, is an act of releasing resentment and the desire for retribution. It is a conscious choice to let go of anger and bitterness, and to extend mercy and understanding to those who have caused harm. This act of forgiveness is not merely a gift to the transgressor, but also a liberation for the forgiver—a release from the burdens of pain and resentment that can weigh heavily on the heart and soul.

Redemption, on the other hand, embodies the idea of renewal and restoration. It is the belief that individuals have the capacity to change, to grow, and to transcend their past mistakes. Redemption offers the hope of a new beginning, a chance to rebuild and reconcile, and an opportunity to demonstrate genuine remorse and transformation.

The intertwining of forgiveness and redemption forms a powerful narrative of human experience. It is a testament to the resilience of the human spirit, the capacity for empathy, and the potential for profound personal and interpersonal growth.

In the realm of personal relationships, forgiveness and redemption pave the way for healing and reconciliation. They enable individuals to move beyond the pain of betrayal, to mend fractured bonds, and to cultivate empathy and understanding. Through forgiveness, individuals can release the shackles of resentment and open themselves to the possibility of renewed trust and connection. Redemption, in turn, offers the opportunity for individuals to demonstrate genuine change and to earn back the trust and respect that may have been lost.

On a broader societal level, forgiveness and redemption hold the promise of healing collective wounds and fostering a culture of empathy and understanding. They provide a pathway for addressing past injustices, promoting reconciliation, and building bridges across divides. By embracing forgiveness and redemption, communities can work towards healing historical traumas, fostering inclusivity, and creating a more equitable and compassionate society.

Moreover, the journey of forgiveness and redemption is deeply intertwined with the concept of self-forgiveness. It is an acknowledgment of one's own fallibility, a willingness to confront and learn from one's mistakes, and a commitment to personal growth and self-compassion. Self-forgiveness is an essential component of the healing process, allowing individuals to release self-blame and shame, and to embrace their own capacity for change and growth.

In literature, art, and religious and spiritual traditions, the themes of forgiveness and redemption have been explored and celebrated across cultures and epochs. They are woven into the fabric of human storytelling, serving as a testament to the enduring human quest for healing, renewal, and the restoration of dignity and hope.

In conclusion, forgiveness and redemption stand as timeless and universal themes that speak to the resilience, compassion, and transformative potential of the human spirit. They offer the promise of healing, growth, and the restoration of relationships, both with others and with oneself. Embracing forgiveness and redemption is an affirmation of the human capacity for empathy, understanding, and the pursuit of a more compassionate and just world.

IF CHRIST HAD NOT RISEN By Friar Fabian Dania, OP.

 INTRODUCTION 

The Christ events, that is, his birth, ministry, passion, death and resurrection, are undoubtedly the most significant events that have shaped and continue to shape the world’s history. This is most evident in the way we reckon events which have taken place in time; for we say 2500BC or 986AD. These bear a great significance and proof to the fact that there was a time when Christ’s bodily existence was expected (BC) and a time after which his bodily existence was manifested (AD). This time before his physical manifestation in the flesh was a time of expectation and preparation for that great manifestation which was to define history forever.

The coming of Christ in the flesh was not one which was to last forever, but one which was to open up a new reality for the human race, that is, the manifestation of a new covenant, a new life life, and a new creation, which had already been foretold (Luke 22:22; Acts 2:23; 3:18). This new reality was to be brought about through paschal mystery (that is, the passion, death and resurrection of Christ). Consequently, Christ had to die in order that you and I may be able to live in that new reality. However, his death, just like his short time of ministry on earth was not to last forever; he would again rise up and put life at its fullest (John 10:10), showing that his death was to bring life and manifest this new reality, so that all those who believe in him and are plunged into his death through baptism, may rise up as new creatures from the darkness of the grave, from the darkness of sin and from the darkness of hopeless reality.

This rising becomes a recreation of the world, with the 3-hour darkness which engulfed the land (Mat 27:45) and the 3-day darkness of the grave being the defining moments of this recreation. Consequently, if Christ had not risen, several anomalies would have been out lot, for he is the first born of all creation (Col. 1:15), the first to rise from the dead (Col. 1:18) and the restorer of life. There are several implications if Christ had not risen, some of these include:

1. God would have been a liar, and consequently, he would not be God, for he had ordained it that he would not abandon Christ to Hades (Ps 16:8-11)

2. Christ would have been just another false prophet whose words were never fulfilled (Acts 5:36-39). He rather spoke of his own death and resurrection and he fulfilled this (John 2:19)

3. On our own part, we would be miserable to have believed in falsehood, while the disciples and early preachers would be even more unfortunate to have preached falsehood and passed it on to our day (1 Cor 15). Consequently, it would be of no use to have believed in Christ.
   

4. The darkness which was brought upon creation by sin, since all had been subjected to futility (Rom 8:20), would have remained our lot, for the resurrection of Christ brought light and life to a world darkened by sin

5. Life itself would have been meaningless, hopeless and eternally ruled by evil, for even those who had died before the physical manifestation of Christ in the flesh, remained in futility and darkness, until Christ descended into the underworld to free the captive souls (1 Peter 3:18)

In conclusion, now that Christ has arisen for our justification and salvation, let us all, with one heart, render a fitting homage and praise to him; that is, the offering of our whole being to him, that we may live the exalted life of the resurrection. Let us realise that he has opened up for us, the way to eternity and that we will likewise rise with him if we hold on to the new way of life he has come to reveal to us.

NOW DIVINITY MEETS HUMANITY. By Anosike Patrickmary

  Introduction 

Psalm 139:13-14

“For you created my inmost being; you knit me together in my mother’s womb. I praise you because I am fearfully and wonderfully made…” 

Man's creation is as result of His great and overflowing Love within the Trinitarian cycle and He created Man with so much love and care.

God lacked nothing, He is enough in Himself, He has enough glory, enough love etc and does not need man to  complement any dimension of Himself.

God created us because He wanted us.

Our lives are not some meaningless creation made by a disinterested Creator. Even though God does not need us, He is still intensely interested in our lives. He deeply and tenderly loves us beyond comprehension—not because He has to (out of need), but because He chooses to (out of love).

On the other hand, it is the healthy couple who says, “Because we have an abundance of love in our marriage, let’s share it. Let’s have babies who will look like us, have our life within them, and love like us.

Then they can enjoy an intimate love relationship with us.” It is this couple’s pure love that motivates them to give children life.

In eternity, I imagine God having a holy huddle and saying, “We have such a great life together and an over abundance of love, let’s share it. Let Us make humanity in Our image so that they can love like Us. Then they can enjoy an intimate relationship with Us.”

Then God said, “Let us make mankind in our image, in our likeness, so that they may rule over the fish in the sea and the birds in the sky, over the livestock and all the wild animals, and over all the creatures that move along the ground.”Genesis 1:26 

In the great love chapter, the Apostle Paul says that true love “does not seek its own.” This means that love is not selfish or self-centered. God did not keep His life and love to Himself, but He shared it. He breathed into man the breath of life, and man became a living soul. God created humanity because “He is love,” not for what humanity could do for Him.

God did not need the world or need people because God has no lack. Instead, God is so full of all that is good, that it overflows and spills out of him. His very nature is to share his goodness, grace and love. He created people out of love for the purpose of sharing love. People were created to love God and each other. Additionally, when God created people, he gave them good work to do so that they might experience God’s goodness and reflect his image in the way they care for the world and for each other. They were created without flaw or sin and God intended that they live this way eternally.

When God created people he also gave them free will so that they could freely share in his love. They were not robots who had no choice. Instead, God gave people the opportunity to either receive and live in his love or to reject him. Giving people free will dignified their choices and recognized the image of God within them. After creating them, God told the first humans that there was one boundary they could not cross in order to live in fellowship with him. However, the first people chose to cross that line and disobey God’s instruction. In doing so, they severed their relationships with God and each other and ushered sin, decay, corruption and death into the world. The perfect world was now broken.

However, God is good, and God is light. God did not want people to live in brokenness, darkness and separation. So, he set about making the broken world right so that people could be forgiven, healed, restored and made whole. Hence the word of God in Isaiah 6:8 Then I heard the voice of the Lord saying, “Whom shall I send? And who will go for us?” And I said, “Here am I. Send me!” 

He also decided to bring His aged Long desire to be with Man before the foundation of the world as described in proverbs 8: 24-34. 

24 When there were no depths, I was brought forth; when there were no fountains abounding with water. 25 Before the mountains were settled, before the hills was I brought forth: 26 While as yet he had not made the earth, nor the fields, nor the highest part of the dust of the world. 27 When he prepared the heavens, I was there: when he set a compass upon the face of the depth: 28 When he established the clouds above: when he strengthened the fountains of the deep: 29 When he gave to the sea his decree, that the waters should not pass his commandment: when he appointed the foundations of the earth: 30 Then I was by him, as one brought up with him: and I was daily his delight, rejoicing always before him; 31 Rejoicing in the habitable part of his earth; and my delights were with the sons of men. 32 Now therefore hearken unto me, O ye children: for blessed are they that keep my ways. 33 Hear instruction, and be wise, and refuse it not. 34 Blessed is the man that heareth me, watching daily at my gates, waiting at the posts of my doors. 

God put His glory, His divinity aside in other to bridge the gap between Him and humanity in order to bring this purpose into reality. He took flesh  by the Holy Spirit in the womb of the blessed virgin Mary as recorded in Luke 1:37-38  For no word from God will ever fail. I am the Lord’s servant,” Mary answered. “May your word to me be fulfilled.” Then the angel left her.

Mary bacome the first channel created by God for divinity to access humanity directly. 

Jesus Christ, fully God, became fully human and showed people how to live in God’s kingdom. The kingdom of God is anywhere the presence, rule and influence of God reigns in the lives of people. Mary being the temple of God allowed Jesus Christ our Emmanuel to reign in her life. When she gave birth to Jesus, He lived and reigned among men showing people how to live in the kingdom of God, He opened another and the most powerful channel for divinity's  meeting with humanity, in the institution of the Holy Eucharist during His last supper as the scripture recorded in Luke 22:19-20 And he took bread, gave thanks and broke it, and gave it to them, saying, “This is my body given for you; do this in remembrance of me." In the same way, after the supper he took the cup, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in my blood, which is poured out for you. 

With these words He transferred His divinity into the Bread and Wine . My brother and sisters in Christ, in the Holy Mass divinity meets with humanity at the alter rail during communion where He in His holiness and majesty through the hands of His priests enters His people. He doesn't meet them to leave them after the meeting but he enters them just like He entered Mary He reigns in our temples through the power of His divinity received at the alter rail. 

When He finished at the upper room Jesus then willingly gave His own life as a sacrifice to pay for the sin that people had ushered into the world. After three days, Jesus rose from the dead, demonstrating God’s ultimate power over death and conquering the power that sin had held on the lives of people. 

In this Holy meeting of divinity and humanity, man has been divinized  through the merits and mercies inherent in the pascal mystery represented in the celebration of Easter. 

So, my brothers and sisters we have come to the end of today's reflection and we pray that God will open our eyes to understand that Holy Mass is a replay of life, suffering, death and resurrection of Lord Jesus Christ so that we will deeply cooperate with God in order to manifest effectively the life of God on earth. Through Jesus Christ our Lord who lives and reigns with the Father and Holy Spirit God forever and ever Amen.

PEACE AND GOODNESS 

Simple Tips on Hepatitis A, B, C by Nurse Sonia Ejinaka

Hello everyone, my name is Sonia.

I’m a Registered Nurse licensed in the United Kingdom, Nigeria, and the United States. It's a pleasure to be here today, bringing my knowledge to our discussion on Hepatitis A, B, C.

Let's dive in!

In this presentation, we will delve into the prevalence, causes, symptoms, prevention strategies, complications, and advancements in treatment for Hepatitis A, B, C.

DEFINITION OF HEPATITIS:

Hepatitis refers to inflammation of the liver, which can be caused by viruses, alcohol, drugs, toxins, or autoimmune diseases.

Hepatitis can range from mild, self-limiting illness to severe, chronic conditions that lead to liver cirrhosis, liver failure, or liver cancer.

Types of Hepatitis: HEP A, HEP B, HEP C

HEPATITIS A: This is a viral liver disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Throughout this presentation, we will delve into the causes, symptoms, prevention strategies, treatment options, and the importance of immunisation against Hepatitis A. Overview of Hepatitis A:

Definition: Hepatitis A is a highly contagious liver infection caused by the Hepatitis A virus (HAV).

Transmission: Primarily spread through the fecal-oral route, often due to

contaminated food or water, or close contact with an infected person.

Incubation Period: Typically ranges from 15 to 50 days, with an average of around 28 days.

Symptoms of Hepatitis A:

Initial Symptoms: Fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal

pain, dark urine, and jaundice.

Duration: Symptoms can last for several weeks to months, with varying severity.

Diagnosis and Treatment:

Diagnosis: Blood tests to detect specific antibodies or viral RNA are used to confirm the presence of Hepatitis A.

Treatment: There is no specific treatment for Hepatitis A. Patients are usually

advised to rest, stay hydrated, and avoid alcohol and certain medications that may stress the liver.

Prevention Strategies:

Good Hygiene Practices: Thorough handwashing with soap and water, especially after using the toilet and before handling food, is crucial.

Safe Food and Water: Consuming properly cooked food and safe drinking water

can prevent Hepatitis A transmission.

Vaccination: Hepatitis A vaccine is highly effective in preventing infection. It is recommended for travelers to regions with high Hepatitis A prevalence, individuals at risk of exposure, and routine childhood vaccination in many countries.

Hepatitis A Immunization:

Vaccine Types: Two types of Hepatitis A vaccines are available: a single-antigen vaccine and a combination vaccine that also includes Hepatitis B.

Schedule: The vaccine is typically administered in two doses, with the second

dose given 6 to 12 months after the first dose for long-term protection.

Effectiveness: The Hepatitis A vaccine provides over 95% protection against the virus and is considered safe and well-tolerated.

Importance of Vaccination:

Individual Protection: Vaccination prevents Hepatitis A infection and its potentially severe complications, such as liver failure.

Community Protection: High vaccination coverage reduces the overall

incidence of Hepatitis A in communities and helps prevent outbreaks, particularly in high-risk settings.

HEPATITIS B:

Overview: Hepatitis B is a viral infection caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV), which primarily affects the liver.

Global Prevalence: Hepatitis B is a major global health concern, with

approximately 257 million people living with chronic HBV infection worldwide.

Modes of Transmission: HBV can be transmitted through blood, semen, or other body fluids. Common modes include unprotected sex, sharing needles, and

from mother to child during childbirth.

Symptoms of Hepatitis B:

Acute Infection: Many individuals with Hepatitis B may remain asymptomatic, while others may experience symptoms such as fatigue, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, dark urine, and jaundice.

Chronic Infection: Chronic Hepatitis B infection can lead to more severe

complications, including liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer).

Diagnosis and Treatment:

Diagnosis: Blood tests are used to detect specific HBV antigens and antibodies, as well as liver function tests to assess liver damage.

Treatment: Treatment for Hepatitis B aims to suppress viral replication, reduce

liver inflammation, and prevent complications. Antiviral medications such as nucleoside analogs are commonly prescribed.

Prevention Strategies:

Vaccination: Hepatitis B vaccine is the most effective way to prevent HBV infection. It is typically administered as a series of three or four doses, starting from infancy and recommended for all age groups.

Safe Practices: Practicing safe sex, avoiding sharing needles or personal items

that may come into contact with blood, and ensuring the safety of medical procedures and blood transfusions can reduce the risk of HBV transmission.

Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission: Administering the Hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) to newborns of HBV-infected mothers within 12 hours of birth can prevent vertical transmission.

Hepatitis B Immunization:

Vaccine Types: Hepatitis B vaccine is available as a monovalent vaccine or as a combination vaccine with other vaccines such as Hepatitis A or hepatitis A and B together.

Schedule: The vaccine is typically administered in a series of three or four doses,

with the second dose given one month after the first, and the third dose given six months after the first dose for long-term immunity.

Effectiveness: The Hepatitis B vaccine is highly effective, with over 95% efficacy in preventing HBV infection.

Complications of Hepatitis B:

Chronic Hepatitis B: Approximately 15-40% of individuals with acute Hepatitis B develop chronic infection, which can lead to progressive liver damage, cirrhosis, and liver cancer.

Liver Cirrhosis: Long-term HBV infection can cause liver cirrhosis,

characterised by irreversible scarring of the liver tissue, impaired liver function, and increased risk of liver failure

HEPATITIS C

Overview of Hepatitis C: Hepatitis C is a viral infection caused by the Hepatitis C virus (HCV), which primarily targets the liver.

Global Prevalence: Hepatitis C affects approximately 71 million people

worldwide, with varying prevalence rates across different regions and populations.

Modes of Transmission: HCV is primarily transmitted through exposure to infected blood, commonly through sharing needles, needle-stick injuries, or receiving blood transfusions before widespread screening of blood donors.

Symptoms of Hepatitis C:

Acute Infection: Many individuals with acute Hepatitis C infection may remain asymptomatic, while others may experience mild symptoms such as fatigue, nausea, loss of appetite, and abdominal pain.

Chronic Infection: Chronic Hepatitis C infection can lead to more severe liver

damage over time, resulting in symptoms such as jaundice, swelling in the legs, abdominal swelling, and confusion.

Diagnosis and Treatment:

Diagnosis: Blood tests are used to detect the presence of HCV antibodies and viral RNA, as well as liver function tests to assess liver damage.

Treatment: Advances in Hepatitis C treatment have revolutionised care, with

highly effective direct-acting antiviral (DAA) medications now available. These medications aim to eradicate the virus from the body, leading to sustained virology response (SVR) and prevention of liver damage and complications.

Prevention Strategies:

Safe Practices: Avoiding sharing needles or personal items that may come into contact with blood, practicing safe sex, and ensuring the safety of medical procedures and blood transfusions can reduce the risk of HCV transmission.

Screening and Testing: Screening individuals at high risk for Hepatitis C, such

as people who inject drugs, individuals with a history of blood transfusions before 1992, and healthcare workers with occupational exposure, allows for early detection and intervention.

Complications of Hepatitis C:

Liver Cirrhosis: Chronic Hepatitis C infection can lead to liver cirrhosis, characterised by irreversible scarring of the liver tissue, impaired liver function, and increased risk of liver failure.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): Long-term HCV infection is associated with

an increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma, the most common type of liver cancer.

Hepatitis C Immunisation:

Unlike Hepatitis A and B, there is currently no vaccine available for Hepatitis C. However, research continues in this area, with ongoing efforts to develop an effective vaccine to prevent HCV infection.

CONCLUSION:

Hepatitis A is a preventable viral liver disease that can have significant health implications if left untreated. By implementing proper hygiene practices, ensuring safe food and water consumption, and promoting vaccination, we can effectively reduce the burden of Hepatitis A and protect public health.

Hepatitis B is a serious viral infection with significant global impact. Through vaccination, adherence to safe practices, and early detection and treatment, we can mitigate the burden of Hepatitis B and work towards eliminating this preventable disease.

Hepatitis C is a significant public health concern with far-reaching implications for individuals and communities worldwide. Through prevention strategies, early detection, and access to effective treatment, we can combat Hepatitis C and strive towards its elimination as a major global health threat.

Thank you for your attention. I am now available to address any questions or discussions you may have.

I WILL MAKE ALL THINGS NEW By Igwebudu Francisca onyinye (Dr G)

INTRODUCTION 

 I will make all things new" – a promise that transcends time and space, offering hope in the face of uncertainty, and renewal amidst chaos. These words, spoken with unwavering certainty, hold within them the power to transform lives and reshape destinies.

In a world often characterized by brokenness and despair, these words offer a beacon of light, guiding us through the darkness and pointing us towards a future filled with possibility and promise.

They remind us that no matter how dire the circumstances may seem, no matter how deep the wounds may be, there is always hope for healing, for restoration, for redemption.

"I will make all things new" speaks to the inherent creativity of the divine, the infinite potential for transformation that resides within the very heart of existence.

It is a declaration of sovereignty over the chaos of the world, a proclamation that no obstacle is too great, no situation too dire for God to overcome.

But these words are not merely a promise for some distant future; they are a call to action, a challenge for us to participate in the ongoing work of creation and renewal.

For if God is in the business of making all things new, then surely we are called to do the same – to be agents of change and transformation in our own lives and in the world around us.

"I will make all things new" invites us to dream boldly, to imagine a world where justice reigns, where love conquers hate, and where peace prevails.

It calls us to roll up our sleeves and get to work, to be the hands and feet of God in a world that is crying out for healing and wholeness.

So let us embrace these words with hope and with courage, knowing that they are a promise not just for the future, but for this very moment.

Let us dare to believe that transformation is possible, that redemption is real, and that love truly does have the power to change the world.

For in the end, it is not our circumstances that define us, but our response to them. And when we choose to believe in the promise of "I will make all things new," we open ourselves up to a world of infinite possibility, where miracles abound and anything is possible.

May we live each day with the confidence that comes from knowing that we are part of a story that is still being written, a story of redemption, of restoration, and of love triumphant over all.

"I will make all things new" – may these words be our guiding light, our source of strength, and our reason to hope, now and forever 

A REMINDING STORY OF I WILL MAKE ALL THINGS NEW

Once upon a time, in a world plagued by darkness and despair, there lived a people who had lost their way. They had forgotten the promises of their Creator and had turned away from the path of righteousness. Their land was barren, their hearts were heavy, and hope seemed like a distant memory.

But amidst the chaos and turmoil, there was a whisper—a promise—that echoed through the ages. It was the promise of a God who declared, "I will make all things new."

Long ago, this same God had created the heavens and the earth, breathing life into existence and setting the stars in the sky. And now, in the midst of despair, He spoke once again, promising to renew, to restore, and to redeem.

At first, the people could scarcely believe it. How could their brokenness be healed? How could their darkness be turned to light? But as the promise took root in their hearts, they began to see signs of hope all around them.

In the barren fields, seeds of new life began to sprout, pushing through the hardened earth with determination and vigor. In the hearts of the people, a spark of faith ignited, filling them with courage and resolve. And in the heavens above, the sun broke through the clouds, casting its warm rays upon the land once more.

As the days turned into weeks and the weeks into months, the promise of renewal became a reality. The land flourished with abundance, the people were filled with joy, and hope was restored to the hearts of all who dwelt there.

But the promise did not end there. For God's promises are eternal, and His love knows no bounds. And so, the people continued to live in anticipation of the day when all things would be made new.

And though challenges still arose, and trials still came their way, the people clung to the promise that had sustained them through the darkest of times. For they knew that their God was faithful, and that His promises were sure.

And so, the story of God's promises making all things new continues to unfold, a testament to the power of faith, the beauty of redemption, and the unending love of the Creator who holds the world in His hands.

Here are some Bible verses that speak to the promise of God making all things new:

Revelation 21:5 (NIV) - "He who was seated on the throne said, 'I am making everything new!' Then he said, 'Write this down, for these words are trustworthy and true.'

Isaiah 43:18-19 (NIV) - "Forget the former things; do not dwell on the past. See, I am doing a new thing! Now it springs up; do you not perceive it? I am making a way in the wilderness and streams in the wasteland."

2 Corinthians 5:17 (NIV) - "Therefore, if anyone is in Christ, the new creation has come: The old has gone, the new is here!"

Isaiah 65:17 (NIV) - "See, I will create new heavens and a new earth. The former things will not be remembered, nor will they come to mind."

Ezekiel 36:26 (NIV) - "I will give you a new heart and put a new spirit in you; I will remove from you your heart of stone and give you a heart of flesh."

These verses capture the essence of God's promise to bring about renewal, restoration, and transformation in our lives and in the world around us. They remind us of the hope we have in Christ and the assurance that God is always at work, making all things new.

A cool music that makes the soul to be calm by the promise of God.

In the darkness of the night,

Where hope seems out of sight,

There's a whisper in the wind,

A promise that begins.

(Chorus)

I will make all things new,

Every dream, every tear, every bruise.

In the ashes, I'll bring forth life,

With love that conquers strife.

(Verse 2)

In the depths of every soul,

Where brokenness takes its toll,

There's a light that starts to shine,

A hope that's so divine.

(Chorus)

I will make all things new,

Every heart, every doubt, every truth.

In the chaos, I'll bring forth peace,

With love that will never cease.

(Bridge)

Through the storms and through the pain,

In the sunshine and in the rain,

Your promises remain the same,

Everlasting, never change.

(Chorus)

You will make all things new,

Every fear, every loss, every hue.

In the darkness, You'll bring forth light,

With love that fills the night.

(Outro)

In the symphony of grace,

Every soul finds its place,

For You make all things new,

Forever faithful, forever true.

A sweet prayer of I will make all things new.

Gracious and loving Creator,

As we come before you in prayer, we are reminded of your promise that you will make all things new. In moments of darkness and uncertainty, we find solace in your unwavering faithfulness and your boundless love.

We lift up to you our brokenness, our fears, and our doubts, knowing that you are the source of all healing and renewal. May your transformative power be at work in our lives, bringing forth beauty from ashes and hope from despair.

Grant us the strength to embrace change, to let go of the past, and to step boldly into the future that you have prepared for us. Help us to trust in your guidance and to surrender our will to yours, knowing that your plans are always for our good.

As we journey through life's ups and downs, may we never lose sight of your promise to make all things new. May this assurance be our anchor in the storms of life, our light in the darkness, and our hope for tomorrow.

We thank you, Lord, for your faithfulness and your love that knows no bounds. May we live each day in the confidence that you are making all things new, both in our lives and in the world around us.

In your holy name, we pray.

Amen.

In conclusion, the promise "I will make all things new" is not just a declaration of hope; it is a testament to the boundless love and power of our Creator. It reassures us that in every moment of brokenness, in every season of despair, and in every trial we face, God is at work, bringing forth beauty, healing, and transformation.

As we journey through life, let us hold fast to this promise, trusting in God's faithfulness and believing that no matter what challenges may come our way, He is always with us, making all things new. May this promise inspire us to embrace change with courage, to seek renewal with faith, and to live each day with hope in our hearts.

With the assurance of God's promise, let us move forward, confident in the knowledge that His love will guide us, His grace will sustain us, and His power will bring about a future filled with endless possibilities.

"I will make all things

 new" – let these words be our anthem, our source of strength, and our reason to hope, now and forevermore. Amen.

FAITH OVER FEAR By Nurse Bernadette Amara Abani, RN.

WHAT IS FAITH ?

Faith is the assurance of things hoped for, the conviction of things not seen. It is a supernatural gift from god which enable us to believe without doubting whatever God has revealed.

WHAT IS FEAR ? 

Fear is false evidence against reality

INTRODUCTION 

In the journey of life, there often arises a crossroads where one must choose between faith and fear. While fear shackles the spirit, faith unfurls the wings of possibility and resilience

Have I not commanded you? Be strong and courageous. Do not be afraid; do not be discouraged, for the Lord your God will be with you wherever you go.” – Joshua 1:9

There are many things in this world that are unpredictable. We can go through scary seasons, including losing our job, getting extremely sick or losing a loved one. We never know what tomorrow will bring, but we cannot live in fear. 

Table of Contents:

Fear Is Normal

We Have a Choice

Faith Always Defeats Fear

FEAR IS NORMAL

It is in our human nature to be afraid of things. Some people are afraid of tangible things, like the dark or Animals. Others are afraid of intangible things, like death or being alone. As humans, we are imperfect. Fear is a natural human Response to different situations that we are put in, but we can choose how we respond to our fear.

“Even though I walk through the darkest valley, I will fear no evil, for you are with me; your rod and your staff, they comfort me” – Psalm 23:4

WE HAVE A CHOICE

We can choose to let our fear control us and run our lives. We can choose to live in fear and avoid situations or things that we are afraid of. Or we can choose to face our fears and trust that God will help us and save us from our fear.

“The Lord is with me; I will not be afraid. What can mere mortals do to me?” – Psalm 118:6

FAITH ALWAYS DEFEATS FEAR

God is so much bigger than any fear. Big or small, God is always greater. He is always there to stand by your side – to help you face your fears and protect you in your weakest moments. He is so much stronger than any earthly thing. Remember that he has put you in this season for a reason and he will help you through it. Stay strong in your faith and he will always guide you. Remember that he is the creator of the universe and can make miracles happen and he can certainly help you work through your fears and difficult seasons of life. 

EXAMPLE OF PEOPLE WHO USED FAITH OVER FEAR IN THE BIBLE 

In both the stories of David and Jesus, we find powerful examples of faith triumphing over fear. David, a humble shepherd boy, faced the formidable giant Goliath with nothing but a slingshot and unwavering trust in God’s providence. Despite the overwhelming odds stacked against him, David’s steadfast faith enabled him to confront his fears head-on and emerge victorious.

Similarly, Jesus, during his earthly ministry, encountered numerous challenges and trials that could have instilled fear in the hearts of many. Yet, time and again, he demonstrated unwavering faith in his Father’s plan, even in the face of adversity. From calming storms to healing the sick, Jesus's faith overcame every obstacle, inspiring countless others to follow his example.

As we navigate the uncertainties of life, we can draw strength from the stories of David and Jesus. Their unwavering faith teaches us that no challenge is too great, no obstacle too daunting when we place our trust in God. Let us emulate their courage and resilience, choosing faith over fear in every circumstance. For it is through faith that we find the courage to face our giants and the strength to overcome them, just as David and Jesus did.”

IN SUMMARY 

In the face of uncertainty and adversity, the choice between faith and fear becomes paramount. While fear seeks to paralyze and control, faith empowers and uplifts. It is a belief in something greater than oneself, a trust in the unseen, and a willingness to surrender to the flow of life.

Faith doesn’t necessarily mean blind optimism or the absence of doubt. Instead, it’s about acknowledging fear and choosing to move forward despite it. It’s about finding strength in vulnerability and resilience in the face of challenges.

In times of crisis, it’s easy to succumb to fear – fear of the unknown, fear of failure, fear of loss. But faith invites us to embrace courage, to confront our fears head-on, and to step into the unknown with a sense of hope and possibility.

IN CONCLUSION 

Faith doesn’t guarantee a smooth journey or instant solutions. It is not about avoiding difficulties but rather navigating through them with grace and conviction. It is about trusting that even in the darkest of times, there is light waiting to be found.

Moreover, faith is not limited to religious belief. It can manifest in various forms – faith in oneself, faith in others, or faith in the universe. It’s a deeply personal journey that transcends boundaries and ideologies.

By choosing faith over fear, we open ourselves up to new opportunities, growth, and transformation. We cultivate resilience, deepen our connections, and discover the strength within us that we never knew existed.

In essence, faith over fear is not just a mindset; it’s a way of life. It’s about living with courage, authenticity, and purpose, knowing that no matter what challenges we face, we have the power to overcome them. So, let us choose faith – in ourselves, in each other, and in the journey ahead – and let it guide us through the uncertainties of life.   

In faith, we find the courage to overcome every obstacle.

Thanks