NIGERIANS, WE FORGET TOO SOON by Peter Olukayode Leo

Introduction: 

As Nigerians, we are often characterized by our resilience, our vibrancy, and our ability to bounce back from adversity. However, one of the concerning traits that has emerged over the years is our tendency to forget critical events and lessons from our past. Today, I want to explore this phenomenon, its implications, and how we can foster a culture of remembrance that informs our future.

Historical Context:

To understand the present, we must look at our past. Nigeria has a rich history filled with significant events that have shaped our national identity. For instance, the Nigerian Civil War from 1967 to 1970 was a pivotal moment. The memories of this tragic event, which resulted in the loss of millions of lives, should serve as a constant reminder of the need for unity and peace. Yet, as time passes, the lessons of the war often fade from collective memory.

More recently, the #EndSARS protests of October 2020 brought to the forefront issues of police brutality and governance. The protests united young Nigerians across the nation and the diaspora, but just a few years later, it seems many have returned to a state of complacency. The Lekki Toll Gate incident, where peaceful protesters were shot, is a painful reminder of the cost of forgetting. 

By examining these events, we see a pattern: monumental occurrences are often reduced to mere footnotes in our history, overshadowed by the daily struggles of living in a complex society. This amnesia can lead to repeated mistakes, unresolved grievances, and a lack of accountability.

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Sociopolitical Implications:

The implications of forgetting extend beyond personal memory; they seep into our sociopolitical landscape. For example, the consistent cycle of electoral violence and electoral fraud in Nigeria can partly be attributed to our collective amnesia. Each election cycle, we witness the same patterns—promises made, violence enacted, and a populace that often forgets the lessons of previous elections. 

In recent elections, such as the 2023 general elections, many voters were disillusioned by the lack of transparency and accountability from their leaders. Yet, the memory of past electoral misconduct often does not influence voter behavior as it should. Instead, many are swayed by the immediate allure of political promises, forgetting the history of unfulfilled commitments.

Moreover, our forgetfulness also affects our national development. When we forget the economic mismanagement of the past, we risk repeating the errors that have led to our current economic challenges. The ongoing struggle with inflation, unemployment, and a declining naira should remind us of the importance of fiscal responsibility and governance that prioritizes the welfare of the citizenry.

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Cultural Reflections: 

Culturally, the phenomenon of forgetting raises questions about our identity as Nigerians. Our rich traditions, folklore, and oral histories are treasures that connect us to our past. However, in the hustle of modern life, many of these cultural narratives are being lost. 

Take, for instance, the stories of our heroes—both past and present. The likes of Nnamdi Azikiwe, Fela Kuti, and even contemporary figures like Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie have so much to teach us about resilience and social justice. Yet, as time goes on, fewer young Nigerians seem to engage with these narratives. The result is a disconnect from our heritage and a lack of understanding of the struggles that have paved the way for our current freedoms.

In the entertainment industry, we often see that trends come and go, but the deeper messages embedded in our art and music often get overshadowed. The legacy of activism through music is evident in the works of artists who speak out against corruption and injustice. However, as new genres and trends emerge, the powerful messages behind these songs can fade from public consciousness.

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The Way Forward: 

So, what can we do to combat this tendency to forget? 

First, we must prioritize education that emphasizes our history, culture, and the lessons learned from our past. Introducing curricula that focus on significant historical events, cultural heritage, and civic responsibility can empower the younger generations to engage with their identity thoughtfully.

Second, as a society, we need to foster open dialogue about our history and current issues. Platforms for discussion—be it through social media, community gatherings, or academic forums—can create an environment where people feel encouraged to share and reflect on their experiences and the lessons learned.

Finally, we should commemorate significant events with intentionality. National holidays, memorials, and public discussions around events like the #EndSARS protests can serve to keep the memory lives. 

Thanks. 

A Call to Holiness Gerald Nwogueze, OFM, Cap.

An Article written for Minor Ministers Magazine by the Altar Servers of St. Stephen's Chaplaincy, Nkwelle Ezinaka, Aguleri Diocese. 

Introduction 

Throughout the passages in the scripture, there are a series of familiar stories of God’s call to holiness of life, from the laws to the prophets, culminating in Christ and extending to the apostles and the church. Indeed, the entire people of God are involved in the call and life of holiness by virtue of baptismal consecration. The call to holiness is endless; it is daily and prompt. This is because of God’s mercy and will for man’s redemption and salvation, which predestined us to be his adopted sons through Jesus Christ (Eph. 1:4-6). 

There is no time in history without a purpose; everyone was created good, with an uncommon purpose, and as carriers of divine destinies for greatness. Until the fall, man enjoyed the fullness of blessedness in God’s presence. Yet God did not abandon man to perish in his sins, ignorance, and miseries. He initiated reconciliation with man; he called Abraham our father in faith and elected Israel as his chosen nation; he called Moses and guided him to lead his people out of bondage, making a covenant with them and giving them his laws and statutes; at different points of crisis, judges and prophets of old were raised to redeem the people of Israel and communicate the mind of God to them; priests were appointed to make oblation for sins and other rituals and prayers; and kings were anointed to govern the people and protect them from their enemies. In the fullness of time, God sent his son to be born of David’s line, born of a woman and born under the law, to redeem those under the law so that we might receive adoption to sonship. (Gal 4:4). He was pleased to redeem us in Christ, that all through responding to his call to holiness, we might trace back our path to eternal salvation (Col. 1:19). 

The Church was commissioned to take the good news to the ends of the earth, with the gift of the Holy Spirit as teacher, enabler, and sanctifier. The church, according to the penny catechism, has four marks by which we may know her: she is one, she is holy, she is catholic, and she is apostolic. The life of the church has holiness at its core, and the entire church, both suffering and triumphant, with Christ as head and bridegroom, is united in inspiring, enhancing, encouraging, and sustaining the holiness of the sinful but striving militant holy church. Pope Francis, in his Apostolic Exhortation on The Call to Holiness in Today’s World, sees holiness as “the most attractive face of the church.” To him, we are not alone in the pursuit of holiness. 

The Call, Caller, and Called: An ongoing Invitation 

A call can be seen from different perspectives. Its literal sense could mean a shout or a cry, a signal, or a request for the attention of the caller. Every call, when intended, could be seen to have three ingredients: the call, the caller, and the caller. The call consists of the signal, the message or mission, and aids to the mission. Some calls are mysterious and padded with lots of eventualities, both favorable and otherwise. The biblical call follows some familiar patterns: the call, the response, the mission, and aids to the mission. You can see this in the likes of Abraham, Moses, Samuel, Jeremiah, etc. God, who foresees and masterminds all, calls and puts the called on the path of response. Within the clouds of the unknown, the called find purpose, meaning, and mission in life. Furthermore, Ambrose Agu rightly describes the ongoing nature of God’s call in his Responding to the Divine Call: “God calls; He has never stopped calling men and women to cooperate in his design for salvation... God speaks, but people often do not hear him. People do not often hear him because God speaks in the depths of one’s very being, in a gentle whispering voice." 

A Call to Holiness 

Holiness is often interchanged with perfection in the synoptic gospels; however, I prefer to distinguish the former from the latter. Perfection is being spotless, pure, and impeccable. It is a state in which nothing is lacking—that is, one hundred percent. This is the state of the triumphant church, those who have been purged and found worthy to see God. Holiness, on the other hand, I argue, is an ongoing endeavor towards perfection. What does holiness consist of? To the prophet Michah, it is acting justly, loving tenderly, and walking humbly before God (Mich 6:8). I hold the saying, “No one is perfect, but someone is holy." You cannot be perfect without being holy, just as you can be holy without being perfect. Where sin abounds, grace abounds all the more (Rom. 5:20). As far as we are finite beings and grace abounds for us, holiness consists in rising after falling, making an effort each day to overcome sin, and doing good to others, for God’s will for us is our sanctification (1 Thess 4:3). The summit of holiness is after the example of Christ, thus summarized in the beatitudes. At its core, according to Pope Francis, “holiness is experiencing, in union with Christ, the mysteries of his life. It consists in uniting ourselves to the Lord’s death and resurrection.” Also, according to Pope Benedict XVI in his Insegnamenti VII, “Holiness is nothing other than charity lived to be full... the measure of our holiness stems from the stature that Christ achieves in us, to the extent that, by the power of the Holy Spirit, we model our whole life to His.” 

Everyone is Called to be Holy. 

Each saint, according to Pope Francis, “is a mission, planned by the Father to reflect and embody at a specific moment in history a certain aspect of the gospel”. The call the caller addresses to us is simply, “Be holy, for I am holy” (1 Peter 1:16; Lev. 11:44). You too are called every one, each in his or her own unique way, as Lumen Gentium 11 puts it. Pope Francis, emphasizing this, cautions that there are saintly examples of the saints that we are only meant to admire but not emulate, so as not to deviate from our unique call or specific path. The important thing is that each believer discerns his or her own path. Are you called to the priesthood and consecrated life? Be holy by living out your commitment with joy. Are you called to serve God in lay ministries as altar servers, churchwarden, lector, choir, pious association and organization, committee, etc.? Be holy by being dedicated and cheerful when serving God. Are you called to the marital life? Be holy by loving and caring for your husband or wife as Christ does his church, bringing up your children in the ways of the Lord. Are you a worker, both public and self-employed? Be holy by laboring with integrity and skill in the service of your brothers and sisters. Are you in a position of authority? Be holy by working for the common good and renouncing personal gain, etc. 

Signs of Holiness in Today’s World 

Today’s world is reeling from one crisis to another, from a global pandemic to economic uncertainties, political and social turmoil, war, and natural disasters, to mention but a few. Coming down to Nigeria with the latest hunger outcry, hardship, insecurity, unemployment, high cost of living, etc. We are saddled with a great sense of anxiety, distrust, and pain, which makes this topic relevant and prompt. This holiness that the Lord calls you and I will grow through small gestures. At the same time, it is not a bed of roses or an easy adventure. Life presents challenges and obstacles, making it a battle and a war worth fighting. This battle consists of constant conversion and a daily effort to be steadfast. There are five signs outlined by Pope Francis, which include: 

Perseverance, Patience, and Meekness: We are called to be counterexamples against the flow of evil. The only way is through the virtues of perseverance, patience, and meekness. 

Joy and Sense of Humor: Saints are happy people even amidst tribulation, persecution, and pain. The effects of charity are joy, and so we are called to be charitable and loving. 

Boldness and Passion: Holiness is not timidity; it is also parrhesia, or courage, which is a seal of the Holy Spirit that testifies to the authenticity of our preaching and faith. 

In Community: Growth in holiness is a journey made with others. When we are apart from others, it is difficult to fight the snares and temptations of the devil, the world, and ourselves. 

In Constant Prayer: Holiness is sustained by prayer and consists of a habitual openness to the transcendent amid the concerns of daily strife and challenges. 

Conclusion 

God wills us to be holy, and this is intrinsically tied to whatever we are or do as a mission, profession, or service. He calls you to a change of heart and constant fidelity to holiness, the only criteria for possessing heaven. Holiness, as simple as it may sound, encompasses all that is good and pleasing to God. It is not limited to Christians. God created everyone and called them good. Everyone is to return to the creator good. I will end this reflection with the words of William Grimbol in his Spirituality for Teens: “Calling is vital to spiritual life. If you fail to follow your calling, you will have failed to be the person God created you to be. You will not be fully real and fully alive.” And the words of St. Augustine: “God who made you without you cannot save you without you.” Dear reader, do you wish to attain holiness? Do you now feel a real desire to be holy? Then go to Christ. The way is encapsulated in the beatitudes (Matt. 5:3–12). 

 

UNITY IN DIVERSITY By; Rev. Sr Chikaodiri Jacinta Aloh. SJGS

 INTRODUCTION 

"If we really listened to our enemies' suffering, we would no longer be enemies."~ Henry Wadsworth Longfellow ~

1.0 DEFINITION

Unity in Diversity: (A Worthy Journey, Not Just a Desired Outcome). 

Unity in diversity is a very old concept dating back to ancient times in both Eastern and Western old-world cultures. It is an expression of harmony and unity between dissimilar individuals or groups. Many governments and institutions today still hold up this time-honoured concept as a worthy ideal. For example, in 1782 the US Congress adopted the motto E Pluribus Unum, meaning out of many, one. More recently, Unity in Diversity, became the official motto of the European Union in 2000.

In a world in which such terms can evoke diametrically opposed emotional reactions from different groups, it is worth taking a few moments to contemplate a modern-day meaning.

2.0 EXPLICATION OF TERMS

2.1 What is Unity?

First off, the word unity in this phrase does not mean uniformity, universal agreement, or even the mere tolerance of differences. It is not the blending of cultural, ethnic, or ideological differences into one. Instead, the word unity stands for oneness of purpose people pulling together in spite of differences for the greater good. 

Unity in this context hearkens back to the moral in Aesops fable, The Four Oxen and the Lion, which reads as follows: A lion used to prowl about a field in which four oxen used to dwell. Many a time he tried to attack them; but whenever he came near, they turned their tails to warn another, so that whichever way he approached them he was met by the horns of one of them. At last, however, they fell a-quarrelling [sic] among themselves, and each went off to pasture alone in a separate corner of the field. Then the Lion attacked them one by one and soon made an end of all four.

Nonetheless, Unity in the general sense means the state of being united, joined or combined into one. It is a sense of solidarity, community or togetherness among individuals or groups. Unity refers to the state of being united into a single entity where individuals or components work together in harmony

"United we stand, divided we fall"

2.2 What is Diversity?

Diversity in the context of Unity in Diversity does not mean fragmentation. Nor does it mean providing for dissimilar people to coexist in separate camps. Quite the opposite. It is the recognition that beauty and wisdom reveal themselves in diversity that honors the dignity of each unique contributor. Diversity is not confined to affirmative action for the sake of fairness and equality. It is not an end in itself but a means to a higher purpose. In a poignant essay, Kelsey Holmes of the Greenheart Club, writes Diversity is exactly that it is people of different races, religions, nationalities, and communities coming together for a singular purpose.

Holmes goes on to say that Learning about those who are different from you in turn helps you to better understand your own culture and perspective.

2.3 Diversity Makes us Smarter

In an article written for Scientific American, Katherine Phillips makes the case that Diversity Makes Us Smarter. In her premise, she states It seems obvious that a group of people with diverse individual expertise would be better than a homogeneous group at solving complex, non-routine problems. It is less obvious that social diversity should work in the same wayyet the science shows that it does. Phillips recognizes that diversity can be complicated when she observes, What good comes from diversity of race, ethnicity, gender and sexual orientation? Research has shown that social diversity in a group can cause discomfort, rougher interactions, a lack of trust, greater perceived interpersonal conflict, lower communication, less cohesion, more concern about disrespect, and other problems. So, what is the upside?

The upside can be found in the adage no pain, no gain. In order to change, grow, or innovate, we must first disrupt. We must question our assumptions and beliefs. Diversity gives us the tools to think outside the box.

2.4 Unity in Diversity

Unity in Diversity requires that we find ways to connect in our humanity even when we are divided in our beliefs, opinions, and self-interests. Our humanity is our God-likeness, something we all possess regardless of our differences. We are unique by design, not by an accident of fate.

Admittedly, it takes effort to honor the dignity and humanity of others, particularly when they are unlike us. We must be purposeful about it. We must seek the opportunities and take the time to understand and honor the story behind the uniqueness. This is the premise and process of Dignity Dialogues. Simple tolerance is only the beginning.

Yes, here are some additional aspects of unity in diversity:

Intersectionality: Recognizing how different identities (e.g., race, gender, sexuality) intersect and impact individual experiences.

Equity: Ensuring fair treatment and opportunities for all, addressing systemic inequalities.

Inclusive leadership: Leaders who foster diversity, equity, and inclusion, creating a sense of belonging.

Cultural intelligence: Understanding and appreciating diverse cultural norms and values.

Diversity of thought: Encouraging diverse perspectives and ideas to drive innovation.

Global citizenship: Recognizing shared humanity and responsibilities across cultures and borders.

Empathy and active listening: Essential skills for building bridges across differences.

Unity in diversity is a continuous journey, requiring effort and commitment to foster inclusive environments

3.0 CONCLUSION

In words attributed to Ralph Waldo Emerson, life is a journey, not a destination. Likewise, Unity in Diversity is a journey, not just a desired outcome. It is in the journey that we discover beauty, creativity, and peace. Unity in Diversity brings peace even in our disagreements. It brings the power to solve the

 truly big problems of our time.

Nigeria, which way? By Sr. Maryrose Anurikristi Uche

 

INTRODUCTION

Looking at our current situations in Nigeria, we have no option than to ask this rhetorical question: Nigeria, which way? 

Nigeria as we know, is country blessed by God with rich human and natural resources, yet, one of the poorest countries in the world. What then is our problem since God has richly blessed us? Why are we still in this level of poverty despite all our resources? Are we going to survive this country when we can barely afford basics of life? Questions like these occupies the hearts of Nigerians seeking for answers. Let’s see if we can come up with sorting words that can help us face the current situations wisely and overcome them gradually. 

Foremost, let’s find out what the problems are, because discovering the problem is already a step to its solution. 

MAJOR PROBLEMS OF NIGERIA

Some key reasons why Nigeria, despite its resources has a high poverty rate include:

Poor Leadership: Weak governance, inefficiency, and lack of transparency in government institutions can hinder economic development and exacerbate poverty. Ineffective policies, lack of infrastructure, and inadequate social services can all contribute to the persistence of poverty. Election of unqualified leaders into public offices.

Corruption: Nigeria has a history of corruption at various levels of government and society. And this obstructs economic development and contributes to income inequality. 

High Cost of Living: The cost of everything in the market is nothing to write home about. At times, I wonder how parents with five children are surviving. 

Security Challenges: Nigeria has faced security challenges such as insurgency, ethnic and religious conflicts. These issues have disrupted economic activities, deterred investment, and created instability that affects the livelihoods of many Nigerians.

Population Growth: The high population growth rate can outstrip the capacity of the economy to create enough jobs and opportunities for everyone.

Over Dependence on Oil and Lack of Diversification: Nigeria's economy is heavily reliant on oil exports, which makes it vulnerable to fluctuations in global oil prices. This dependence can hinder diversification into other sectors such as agriculture, manufacturing, and services which are essential for sustainable and inclusive growth. 

Poor Educational system: Our educational institutions are so corrupt too that education today is in a sorry state. Most people cannot afford quality education and those who have the opportunity to study focus on making good grade and not to solve any problem. Hence, we have many professors yet, our problems sit with us still.  

EFFECTS OF ALL THESE PROBLEMS    

Brain drains: most Nigerians that ought to be instruments of developments are leaving the country in search for greener pastures.

Social Medias wahala: social media is not bad but most often, it is escalating the issue at hand thereby putting much pressure on people.

Poor Parenting 

Quick money-making mentality

Entitlement mentality

POSSIBLE SUGGESTIONS TO NIGERIA CURRENT SITUATION

My suggestion to the way out for the rhetorical question of Nigeria, which way include:

We need to trust and trusting God that everything will be alright someday. 

We need leaders who are humane, empathetic and ready to serve the poor masses (servant leaders), no matter the tribe or religion.

Investing and developing Nigeria from Nigerians in diaspora. 

We need to have positive attitude towards the situation and awakening the giant within us. Stop complaining and seek for solution 

We need skills acquisition schemes from secondary school

Getting two or more sources of income

Conclusion

This current Nigeria situation is a phase that will pass away like a wind someday. Therefore, do not over think yourself or over worry yourself. Try to be happy and be content with the little you have. No matter your situation, there is someone praying to be like you, hence, your situation isn’t the worst. Moreover, there is a future you have not seen yet. Please, don’t cut short your life because of the phase, it will pass. Remember, you are not in this alone, everyone is walking with their crosses, so, do not add to what people are going through. Be kind to people with your words and attitude please. This too shall pass!

My Culture, My Pride by Favour Tukyes Bitrus

What is Culture 

Culture refers to the art, costume ,habit beliefs and values of a particular group or society.

Is the way of life of a particular people or society

You can't talk about culture without 

Food 

Believe

Language

Values 

Costoms 

Art and costume 

Culture plays a vital roles in our life, It affects our day to day activities, culture defines,distinguish,and it guild and bound set of people, culture influence

 our choice

How we see things

How we react to things

 How we behave

 How we dress

How we talk

Dress and adornment 

Ritual (marriage right) 

 culture is basically a lifestyle ,so It is safe to say culture is identity 

2 Pride

We have the healthy and unhealthy pride 

Healthy pride : is a  feeling of deep pleasure or satisfaction derived from one's achievement.

Conscious of one's dignity

Knowing one's self worth

Unhealthy pride :the quality of being proud inordinate (unreasonable) when someone feels there's no one above him/her or he or she can never ne wrong

3 my culture my pride (my identity my pride )

"My culture my pride "is a powerful expression of the importance of one's culture and the sense of pride and identity that comes with it,it acknowledges the importance of one's cultural background, traditions and values that shape who we are and where we come from,

Is the declaration of the importance of  preserving and sharing our culture and tradition with others 

 A lot of people tend to be ashamed of their culture because of people's perspectives about their culture, some go as far as denying their culture, people are trying so hard to sound and act like the white, making people with accent feel bad,do you know why people are trying so hard to be like the white?. Is because the white are proud of their culture, people with positive pride motivate and inspire others to join them or be like them, when you're proud of your culture you Make people love your culture, you Make people want to know more about your culture,

4 Why you should be proud of your culture

Cause is your identity

For promotion 

Cause culture is beautiful and unique

Cause it give good impression about your culture

5  Why is important to promote culture

For preservation

For education

For unity

For legacy

For identity and belonging

4 How to promote culture

Educate yourself

Shate traditions

Talk about it

Social media

Community engagement

Attend cultural events 

Conclusion:  you cannot be proud of  something you don't love, first you have to accept who you are (culture) love it before you can promote it, speak your tribe when ever you have the chance to ,teach your children the importance of culture, your accent will not stop you from achieving anything, have healthy pride ,accept your culture,love your culture,and promote your culture, and most importantly respect other people culture, let's stop making people with accent feel bad .

CULTURE MUST NOT DIE

IMPACT OF EDUCATION IN SOCIETAL TRANSFORMATION by Abi Francis, SSP

INTRODUCTION

We are very familiar with the popular mandate “School na scam” In other words, education has no value or to put it education has no impact on societal development. But I ask is school really a scam? Is education of no value? Or will you also agree that education does not affect societal development?

According to Nelson Mandela, Education is the most powerful weapon you can use to change the world, countries of the world are categorized into 3 namely First world countries, second world countries and third-world countries, third-world countries other words known as developing countries, or under-developed countries, the first and second world countries one of the major attributes we see is education, education plays a tremendous role in the development of any country. On the other hand, the third-world countries is mostly characterized by high level of illiteracy, and shockingly most countries in Africa, blessed with numerous natural and human resources, falls under this category.

As a country, we have been hit by a lot of set back and challenges since the very birth of the country, the reason being that they have been a huge failure in trying to invest in education, provide good and sustainable jobs for graduates, lack of job for educated youth is one of the factors that is discouraging youth from being educated or going to school. I once entered a keke napep, the driver of the tricycle was free with me and was sharing his ordeal with me, how he is a university graduate but no job, and in other to make ends meet he has to delve into this venture. We have in one way or the other come across people who have shared similar experiences. And sometimes we begin to ask ourselves if education is impactful.

IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION IN SOCIETAL DEVELOPMENT

We shall be looking at ways in which education is important to societal development.

• Education equips people with the necessary knowledge, to contribute to the development of society, because through education individuals get the right qualifications to make good decisions that will aid the development of society and contribute to the economic development of the country.

• Education can also help improve the economy and enhance human capital and workforce, individuals who are well educated will be innovative, coming up with new ideas technological know-how, and skills for economic development. Also, the training of individuals in vocational training schools will help increase the workforce of the country.

• Education can also bring about unity, with a high level of literacy there won’t be favoritism, because jobs will not be given based on kinsmen but on educational qualification, and with this citizens gets to work hand in hand to improve economic development of the country. It can also promote tolerance among diverse ethnic groups bringing about unity among members.

• With a high level of education citizens will be well informed about their leaders and make the right choices during elections and not vote blindly, one of the reasons we still make the wrong choice of leadership is because the majority of the populace are atill living in stone age, high level of illiteracy and so they can easily be swayed by little token and so on.

CHALLENGES A COUNTRY FACES FOR NOT INVESTING IN EDUCATION

• The lack of educational qualification will also bring about a lack of needed knowledge and skills to impact society positively.

• With low level of education, that will hinder the economy from growing because those put in charge will not have the necessary qualifications to improve the economy just like what we now suffer in the country.

• With a high level of illiteracy, it will become so easy for our so-called leaders to turn us against each other bridging the gap of unity and bringing about diversity, individuals will not be able to tolerate each other, bringing about hatred and enmity among individuals.

•   Without education, individuals find it challenging to secure well-paying jobs. This leads to high unemployment and underemployment rates, where people work in jobs that do not fully utilize their skills or pay living wages, leading to a rise in poverty level.

•   Education, particularly for women, is closely linked to better health outcomes. Educated individuals are more likely to make informed health choices and access healthcare services. Lack of education can lead to higher rates of infant mortality, malnutrition, and preventable diseases.

•  Countries that do not invest in education may find themselves unable to keep pace with global advancements, just like the problem we now face in our country, we are more of consuming country rather than producing.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, education is a transformative force that drives economic development, promotes social equity, and fosters cultural development. It empowers individuals to improve their socio-economic status, contributes to national development, and promotes a more inclusive and cohesive society. By investing in education, societies can unlock the potential of their citizens, reduce inequalities, and build a foundation for sustainable development and social progress. The impact of education on societal transformation is important and making it one of the most crucial investments for any nation.

Miscarriage By Igwebudu Francisca Onyinye (Dr. G)

Introduction

Thank you for being here today. I want to start by acknowledging that the topic we are addressing today is deeply sensitive and personal. Miscarriage is an experience that many have gone through, yet it often remains shrouded in silence. It's important for us, as a community, to come together and address this painful subject with compassion and understanding.

A miscarriage, also known as a spontaneous abortion, is the loss of a pregnancy before the 20th week. It is a relatively common occurrence, with estimates suggesting that about 10-20% of known pregnancies end in miscarriage. The actual number is likely higher, as many miscarriages happen before a woman knows she is pregnant.

Causes of Miscarriage

Genetic abnormalities: Many miscarriages occur because the fetus has genetic or chromosomal abnormalities that prevent it from developing normally.

Hormonal issues: Problems with hormones, such as low progesterone levels, can affect the ability of the embryo to implant and grow.

Uterine abnormalities: Issues with the uterus, such as fibroids or an abnormal shape, can interfere with the pregnancy.

Infections: Certain infections can increase the risk of miscarriage.

Chronic conditions: Health problems like diabetes, thyroid disease, and autoimmune disorders can impact pregnancy.

Lifestyle factors: Smoking, alcohol, and drug use, as well as exposure to certain environmental toxins, can contribute to miscarriage.

Symptoms of Miscarriage

Vaginal bleeding or spotting

Cramping or abdominal pain

Passing tissue or clot-like material from the vagina

A sudden decrease in pregnancy symptoms like nausea and breast tenderness

Diagnosis and Management

If a miscarriage is suspected, a healthcare provider may perform an ultrasound and blood tests to check hormone levels. Once a miscarriage is confirmed, management options include:

Expectant management: Allowing the miscarriage to progress naturally.

Medication: To help expel the tissue from the uterus.

Surgical procedures: Such as dilation and curettage (D&C) to remove tissue from the uterus.

Emotional Impact and Support

Experiencing a miscarriage can be emotionally devastating. Feelings of grief, guilt, and loss are common. It's important to seek support from loved ones, support groups, or mental health professionals. Understanding that miscarriages are often beyond one's control can help in the healing process.

Prevention and Future Pregnancies

While not all miscarriages can be prevented, certain steps can help reduce the risk:

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle (e.g., balanced diet, regular exercise, avoiding harmful substances).

Managing chronic health conditions with the help of a healthcare provider.

Regular prenatal care to monitor and support a healthy pregnancy.

After a miscarriage, many women go on to have successful pregnancies. It's usually recommended to wait until a woman is physically and emotionally ready before trying to conceive again.

Chromosomal Abnormalities

Definition:

Chromosomal abnormalities refer to deviations from the normal number or structure of chromosomes in the cells of an individual.

Types of Chromosomal Abnormalities:

Numerical Abnormalities:

Trisomy: An extra copy of a chromosome (e.g., Trisomy 21, also known as Down syndrome, where there are three copies of chromosome 21 instead of the usual two).

Monosomy: Missing one copy of a chromosome (e.g., Turner syndrome, where females have only one X chromosome instead of the usual two).

Structural Abnormalities:

Deletions: Part of a chromosome is missing.

Duplications: Part of a chromosome is duplicated.

Inversions: Segment of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches in reverse orientation.

Translocations: Part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome.

Causes:

Spontaneous Errors: Errors during cell division in gametes (sperm or egg cells) or during early embryo development.

Inherited: Some chromosomal abnormalities can be inherited from one or both parents who carry balanced translocations or other structural changes.

Diagnosis:

Prenatal Screening: Includes ultrasound scans, maternal serum screening (triple or quadruple screen), and non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) to assess the risk of chromosomal abnormalities.

Diagnostic Testing: Invasive procedures such as chorionic villus sampling (CVS) or amniocentesis can provide more definitive genetic information.

Implications:

Impact on Pregnancy: Chromosomal abnormalities are a leading cause of miscarriages, stillbirths, and developmental disabilities in live births.

In humans, a normal set of chromosomes consists of 46 chromosomes in total. These chromosomes are organized into 23 pairs, with 22 pairs of autosomes (non-sex chromosomes) and 1 pair of sex chromosomes. Here's the breakdown:

Autosomes: There are 22 pairs of autosomes, numbered from 1 to 22. These chromosomes carry genetic information responsible for various traits and functions in the body.

Sex Chromosomes: The 23rd pair of chromosomes determines an individual's sex:

Females typically have two X chromosomes (XX).

Males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY).

This normal chromosomal complement (46, XX for females and 46, XY for males) is crucial for normal development and function in humans. Any deviation from this normal set of chromosomes can result in chromosomal abnormalities, which may lead to developmental issues, genetic disorders, or pregnancy complications.

Personal Stories of Women Who Have Experienced Miscarriages

: Maria's Silent Grief

Maria experienced a silent miscarriage, where her baby had stopped developing but her body hadn't recognized the loss yet. She found out during a routine ultrasound at 12 weeks. The news was devastating, and Maria felt a deep sense of loss. She opted for a D&C procedure and took time off work to grieve. Maria found it difficult to talk about her miscarriage, feeling that others wouldn't understand her pain. However, after attending a miscarriage awareness event, she met other women who had similar experiences. Sharing her story with them helped Maria come to terms with her loss. She now advocates for greater awareness and support for women who experience miscarriages.:

 Laura's Rainbow Baby

Laura had two miscarriages before she became pregnant with her rainbow baby (a term used for a baby born after a miscarriage). Her first miscarriage happened at 6 weeks, and the second at 9 weeks. Laura felt a profound sadness and worried she might never have a successful pregnancy. She and her partner decided to seek help from a fertility specialist. After some tests and treatment, Laura became pregnant again. The pregnancy was filled with anxiety, but she found support through counseling and a close-knit group of friends who had also experienced miscarriages. Laura gave birth to a healthy baby boy and often shares her story to provide hope 

to others facing similar struggles.

These stories reflect the varied and deeply personal experiences of women who have gone through miscarriages. They highlight the importance of support, self-care, and resilience, and they serve as a reminder that no one has to face this journey alone.

Acknowledge the Pain and Grief

Miscarriage is a profound loss, and it is essential that we recognize the depth of the pain and grief that accompanies it. Each loss is unique, and each individual's journey through grief is different. It's natural to mourn and to feel a wide range of emotions, from sadness and anger to confusion and helplessness.

Offer Comfort and Hope

In times of sorrow, the Scriptures offer us words of comfort and hope. Psalm 34:18 tells us, "The Lord is close to the brokenhearted and saves those who are crushed in spirit." In 2 Corinthians 1:3-4, we are reminded that God is "the Father of compassion and the God of all comfort, who comforts us in all our troubles." These verses assure us that we are not alone in our grief and that God's presence is with us, offering solace.

Affirm God’s Sovereignty and Love

It's important to remember that God’s love and sovereignty remain steadfast, even in the midst of tragedy. Romans 8:28 reassures us that "in all things God works for the good of those who love Him." While we may not understand the reasons behind our suffering, we can trust in God's ultimate plan and His unchanging love for us.

Encourage Community Support

As a community, we have a vital role to play in supporting those who have experienced miscarriage. Galatians 6:2 encourages us to "carry each other’s burdens," reminding us that we are called to be a source of comfort and strength for one another. Practical support, such as being present, listening without judgment, and offering tangible help, can make a significant difference.

Address Theological Questions

It's natural to have questions about why such things happen. While we may not have all the answers, we can find solace in knowing that God is compassionate and that, one day, He will restore all things. Revelation 21:4 gives us hope for the future: "He will wipe every tear from their eyes. There will be no more death or mourning or crying or pain, for the old order of things has passed away."

Provide Practical Advice

Supporting those who have experienced miscarriage involves more than just words. It requires action. Offer practical ways to support grieving individuals, such as helping with daily tasks, being a listening ear, and respecting their need for space and time to heal. Creating a safe space where people can share their grief openly is crucial.

Pray Together

Let's take a moment to come together in prayer, lifting up those who have experienced miscarriage and asking for God's healing and comfort.

"Heavenly Father, we come before you with heavy hearts, knowing that many among us have experienced the deep pain of miscarriage. We ask for your comfort and healing for those who are grieving. Wrap them in your loving arms and let them feel your presence. Give us, as a community, the wisdom and compassion to support and love one another through these difficult times. In Jesus' name, we pray. Amen."

Conclusion

Thank you for your attention and your willingness to engage in this important discussion. Let us continue to support one another with grace and compassion, reflecting God's love in all that we do. If anyone needs further support or someone to talk to, please don't hesitate to reach out. We are here for each other.

God bless you all.